The map represents the distribution of resident species of cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea based on observations registered in EMODnet Biology Portal. Species list is based on ‘Marine mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas’, IUCN, 2012. Species list includes the following cetaceans: Common Bottlenose Dolphin, Cuvier’s Beaked Whale, Fin Whale, Long-finned Pilot Whale, Risso’s Dolphin, Short-beaked Common Dolphin, Sperm Whale, and Striped Dolphin. Species list is based on ‘Marine mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas’, IUCN, 2012.

The indicator shows the potential pressure generate by fishing activity in regions close to the coast. Med-IAMER developed an expert-based approach to estimate the spatial distribution of fishing activities and the related pressure of harmful fishing techniques on marine environments. This approach resulted in this cumulative fishing indicator, that aims at provide a spatial explicit estimation of main pressures exerted from fishing related activities, particularly trawling and dredging, taking into account the variables for which spatial data are available and that had a specific influence on marine ecosystem. Maximum distance considered is 100 km. Three variables were taken into account to produce this indicator: fishing effort, calculated by a classification of ports according to their fishing fleet tonnage, average vessel length overall and number of trawlers, using the DG MARE database on ports and fishing fleet; soft bottoms above 1.000 meters depth, and main resident endangered species of cetaceans, turtles, sharks and rays threatened by bycatch according to the IUCN Red List and reports.

The map highlight the potential intensity of pressure related to marinas on marine ecosystems. The dispersal of yachting port-derived pollution was modeled as a diffusive plume up to 20 km based on the data on mooring capacity of each yachting port. The spatial proximity of yachting ports increases the overall pressures. The influence was modeled as a buffer with and exponential decay based on self calculations using mooring capacity of each yachting port. Calculations were made following the same methodology developed for ESaTDOR Project (ESPON, 2013). The extension area is based on HELCOM, 2012 and it is the theoretical maximum expansion distance for pressures generated by recreational shipping.

The map shows the distribution of main cruise ports in the Mediterranean Sea. Pressure on marine regions are represented by the port influence area, based also on their activity level. The dispersal of port-derived pollution was modeled as a diffusive plume based on their activity level using Eurostat data on transport of goods (thousand tonnes) and passengers (thousand passengers). Calculations were made following the same methodology developed for ESaTDOR Project (ESPON, 2013).

The map shows the distribution of main goods transport ports in the Mediterranean Sea. Pressure on marine regions are represented by the port influence area, based also on their activity level. The dispersal of port-derived pollution was modeled as a diffusive plume based on their activity level using Eurostat data on transport of goods (thousand tonnes) and passengers (thousand passengers). Calculations were made following the same methodology developed for ESaTDOR Project (ESPON, 2013).

This indicator represent the pressure on marine ecosystems due to climate change on a continuous scale of intensity from low to high. The pressure on marine ecosystems due to climate change was determined by a composite indicator based on the combined influence of two variables: sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, where the temperature exceeds a threshold value like the long-term mean (differences in anomaly frequency between 2000-2005 and 1985-1990), and sea level rise (SLR), which show the sea level rise trends in mm/year.

Map representing the number of nights in coastal areas per km2, as an indicator of the local intensity of tourism demand. This pressure index is based on Eurostat tourism statistic on number of tourism nights in accommodation establishments and the DMSP-OLS Nighttime Lights Time Series image. Eurostat's tourism demand statistics differentiate between coastal and non-coastal areas within a NUTS2 region. The total number of nights in coastal areas of a NUTS2 region was disaggregated to the most intense nighttime light emission pixels of the Nighttime Lights Time Series assuming that most bed places are located in areas with high nighttime light emissions. Results are showing low to high intensive tourism demand per km2 pixel.