Topic
environment
125 record(s)
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The map represents the degree of pressure based on the intensity of transport in the Mediterranean Sea. Three variables were taken into account: vessels traffic, port activity and oil spills. Shipping data (Halpern et al., 2008) provide an estimate of the occurrence of ships at a particular location, and therefore an estimate of the amount of pollution they produce, under the assumption that traveling ships primarily affect their immediate waters. The dispersal of port-derived pollution was modeled as a diffusive plume based on data of transport of goods (thousand tonnes) and passengers (thousand passengers). Pressures generated by oil spills and other pollution releases are represented as a density layer based on data registered by the REMPEC, and also the oil spills map generated by Cinirella et al, 2012 (based on JRC 2009 data).
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Data represents the percentage of change in the intensity of sailing vessels and pleasure craft traffic in the Mediterranean Sea between years 2019 and 2022. The map is based on AIS data aggregated at 1km2 by EMODnet and expressed as total time with presence of vessels in each cell throughout the year.
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Vulnerability is calculated based on the percentage of Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and the cumulative tourism pressure in each region. Percentage of KBAs not protected, with respect to the region, are classified into five groups, from very low to very high, according to the following thresholds: lower than 10%, 10 to 17%, 17 to 30%, 30 to 50% and higher than 50%. Theses classes and those of cumulative pressure are combined into a weighted sum and then reclassified in five vulnerability categories, from very low to very high.
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Data shows the change in number of nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 2 coastal regions between year 2019 and 2022. No data available for non European Union areas. Coastal regions in these countries are shown on the map to highlight them.
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Data shows the number of nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments per km2 in Mediterranean countries. Estimation made from a disaggregation of data at NUTS2 based on the distribution of accommodation sites available in OpenStreetMap.
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Vulnerability is calculated based on the coverage of protected areas (PAs) and Important Areas for Biodiversity (IABs) and the cumulative tourism pressure in the Mediterranean Sea waters. PAs and IABs coverage is reclassified in scores, 1 and 2 respectively. These classes and those of cumulative pressure are combined in and reclassified into vulnerability classes according to a vulnerability matrix. IABs include: Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs), Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRAs), Important Marine Mammal Areas (IMMAs), Critical areas for the orca population of the Gibraltar Strait and Gulf of Cádiz, Biosphere Reserve, Cetaceans Critical Habitat, Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs), Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs), Proposed Sites of Community Importance, and World Heritage Sites.
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The indicators represent the distribution and degree of accumulation of marine in the Mediterranean Sea. Main source data were modelled by Lebreton et al., 2012 using a Lagrangian particle tracking model to simulate 30 years of input and transport of floating debris in the world’s ocean. The relative contribution of different sources to the total amount was taken into account in their model.
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This indicator represent the pressure on marine ecosystems due to climate change on a continuous scale of intensity from low to high. The pressure on marine ecosystems due to climate change was determined by a composite indicator based on the combined influence of two variables: sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, where the temperature exceeds a threshold value like the long-term mean (differences in anomaly frequency between 2000-2005 and 1985-1990), and sea level rise (SLR), which show the sea level rise trends in mm/year.
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Data represents the number of moorings in marina ports per kilometre of coastline for each NUTS3 or equivalent (e.g. province) region. The total number of moorings was obtained from the data compiled by ETC-UMA on the location and capacity of the marinas, assigning each port its corresponding NUTS3 code and counting the total number of moorings. This value was divided by the length of the region's coastline in km. Results show low to high intensive capacity for this activity by region.
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The map shows the distribution of main passengers transport ports in the Mediterranean Sea. Pressure on marine regions are represented by the port influence area, based also on their activity level. The dispersal of port-derived pollution was modeled as a diffusive plume based on their activity level using Eurostat data on transport of goods (thousand tonnes) and passengers (thousand passengers). Calculations were made following the same methodology developed for ESaTDOR Project (ESPON, 2013).