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environment
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The map shows the distribution of main fishing ports in the Mediterranean Sea and its corresponding area of pressure (based on self calculations using the total capacity: tonnage of vessels, DG MARE, 2014). The influence of fishing activity was modeled as a buffer with and exponential decay based on self calculations using the total capacity of the fleet: tonnage of vessels (in gross tonnage, GT). This indicator is based on fleet stats of DG MARE, 2014. Calculations were made following the same methodology developed for ESaTDOR Project (ESPON, 2013).
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The map shows the spatial distribution of the frequency of oil spills in the Mediterranean Sea, indicating where the probability of an oil discharge is higher. Oil spills were represented as a density layer calculated using data on ship accidents and oil discharges registered by the Mandate of the Regional Marine Pollution Emergency Response Centre for the Mediterranean Sea (REMPEC), and also the oil spills map generated by Cinirella et al., 2012 (based on JRC data, 2009).
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Map showing bed places per km2 as an indicator of the local intensity of tourism capacity. This index is based on Eurostat tourism statistic on bed places and the DMSP-OLS Nighttime Lights Time Series image. Eurostat's tourism capacity statistics differentiate between coastal and non-coastal areas within a NUTS2 region. The total number of beds in coastal areas of a NUTS2 region was disaggregated to the most intense nighttime light emission pixels of the Nighttime Lights Time Series assuming that most bed places are located in areas with high nighttime light emissions. Results are showing low to high intensive tourism capacity per km2 pixel.
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The indicator of management effort was made by summing all the overlapping MPAs on each 1ha pixel across the whole Mediterranean Sea (based on MAPAMED, the database on Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas, MedPAN, RAC/SPA, 2014). One to three points were given to each 1ha-pixel inside MPAs according to the increasing densities of permanent staff and boats for research and surveillance in the MPA; one point was given to all the pixels inside MPAs with management plans (Management effort index). Management effort scores varied from zero to seven.
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This video, produced by the project POSBEMED, highlights the value of Posidonia oceanica for the Mediterranean. The POSBEMED project in one of the 9 thematic initiatives under the umbrella of the EU Interreg Med PANACeA project on Biodiversity Protection. POSBEMED is led by the Entente Interdépartementale de Démoustication Méditerranée (EID-Med, Montpellier) in France and involves partners from three more Mediterranean countries: the International Union for Conservation of Nature - Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation (IUCN, Malaga, Spain), the International Marine Centre Foundation (IMC, Sardinia, Italy), ECO-logica srl (Bari, Italy) and the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR, Anavissos, Greece). Other associated partners are the Hellenic Society for the Protection of Nature (Greece), Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment (Cyprus), Larnaka Municipality (Cyprus), Regional Government of the Balearic Islands (Spain), French Agency for Biodiversity (France), and the Municipality of Giovinazzo (Italy). POSBEMED is an Interreg-Med project co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund.
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The indicators represent the distribution and degree of accumulation of marine in the Mediterranean Sea. Main source data were modelled by Lebreton et al., 2012 using a Lagrangian particle tracking model to simulate 30 years of input and transport of floating debris in the world’s ocean. The relative contribution of different sources to the total amount was taken into account in their model.
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Vulnerability is calculated based on the coverage of Posidonia oceanica and the cumulative tourism pressure in the Mediterranean Sea waters. Pressure points were overlapped with Posidonia habitats polygons and reclassified into vulnerability classes according to a vulnerability matrix. The resulting point layer represents the ecological vulnerability in marine areas in five categories from very low to very high.
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Data represents the percentage of change in the intensity of sailing vessels and pleasure craft traffic in the Mediterranean Sea between years 2019 and 2022. The map is based on AIS data aggregated at 1km2 by EMODnet and expressed as total time with presence of vessels in each cell throughout the year.
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Data represents the degree of pressure based on the intensity of sailing vessels and pleasure craft traffic in the Mediterranean Sea (year 2022). The map is based on AIS data aggregated at 1km2 by EMODnet and expressed as total time with presence of vessels in each cell throughout the year. The indicator provides an estimate of the amount of pollution vessels produce (via fuel leaks, oil discharge, waste disposal, etc.), under the assumption that traveling ships primarily affect their immediate waters.
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Vulnerability is calculated based on the percentage of Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and the cumulative tourism pressure in each region. Percentage of KBAs not protected, with respect to the region, are classified into five groups, from very low to very high, according to the following thresholds: lower than 10%, 10 to 17%, 17 to 30%, 30 to 50% and higher than 50%. Theses classes and those of cumulative pressure are combined into a weighted sum and then reclassified in five vulnerability categories, from very low to very high.